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（乡村行·看振兴）三代人与一颗青椒见证山西长子农业变迁,（乡村行·看振兴）三代人与一颗青椒见证山西长子农业变迁_我的网站

杜海涛沈梦辰同框

一 | 　　长治8月23日电题：三代人与一颗青椒见证山西长子农业变迁　　作者刘盼刘小红　　在山西长治长子县，一颗青椒，连着李家三代人的岁月，也串起当地特色农业一步步成长的全过程。

China's new geological map of the moon Photo: Courtesy of Institute of Geology under the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS)
A massive new geological map of the moon, measuring about 2.8 meters long and 1.2 meters high, has recently made its debut in China, offering one of the most comprehensive portraits yet of the lunar surface and its billions of years of geological evolution.
Compiled by the Institute of Geology under the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS), together with the Institute of Geochemistry under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin University, Shandong University and China University of Geosciences (Beijing), the 1:5,000,000-scale Geological Map of the moon marks 13,519 impact craters, 81 impact basins, 14 types of geological structures and 17 rock types, and includes detailed inset maps of the lunar north and south poles.
More than simply a new rendering of the lunar surface, the map incorporates the latest findings from China's Chang'e lunar exploration program. Scientists involved in the project told the Global Times in exclusive interviews that the new map recalibrates key boundaries in the moon's geological chronology, updates the distribution of important lunar rock types and establishes a more systematic framework for interpreting the moon's evolution.
"The Chang'e-5 and Chang'e-6 missions have successively returned samples from the moon's near and far side, producing findings that have significantly changed our understanding of lunar evolution," Ding Xiaozhong, a researcher at the Institute of Geology under CAGS and a core member of the mapping team, told the Global Times.
Samples showed that volcanic activity on the moon continued until about 2 billion years ago - roughly one billion years later than previously thought under the conventional framework. Meanwhile, observations and samples from the lunar far side have provided new information about the composition and magmatic history of the moon's deep interior, Ding said.
"These new discoveries created an urgent need for a new and systematic geological map that could integrate the latest data and research results and establish an updated framework for understanding lunar geology," he noted.
The 1:5,000,000 scale was chosen with practical applications in mind. Compared with China's more detailed 1:2,500,000 lunar geological atlas released in 2024, the new map provides a more condensed, global view of the Moon, enabling researchers to quickly identify major geological relationships while also making it suitable for education, popular science and the early-stage planning of exploration missions.
Jin Ming, an associate researcher at the Institute of Geology under CAGS, told the Global Times that the project also represents an important step toward establishing a mature Chinese standard for planetary geological mapping. Its newly designed symbols, legends and color system have been certified as a group standard by the Geological Society of China, filling a gap in China's standardized rules for planetary geological mapping.
Although the latest project formally began in 2022 and took about four years to complete, Ding and Jin said its scientific foundations stretch back decades. Data accumulation and methodology development began with China's early lunar exploration missions, particularly after Chang'e-1 started returning scientific data. Several generations of Chinese planetary geologists have since developed a comprehensive system for lunar geological interpretation, remote-sensing data processing and map compilation.
One of the toughest challenges was bringing together enormous quantities of remote-sensing data obtained by different instruments, Jin said. Different payloads aboard the Chang'e probes produced data with varying resolutions and spectral characteristics, requiring specially developed algorithms as well as extensive manual verification to place them under a unified mapping standard.
"We had to make the different datasets compatible under the same system while striking a balance between scientific completeness and visual clarity - avoiding information overload without losing critical geological clues," Jin said.
China previously released the world's first 1:2,500,000-scale high-precision lunar geological atlas in 2024. The newly completed 1:5,000,000 map is therefore not simply a reduced-scale copy, the scientists stressed, but a scientific update incorporating newly available data and revised interpretations of lunar chronology, lithology and geological evolution.
China's new lunar geological map has achieved an all-round improvement over previous versions and is now at the international forefront, Ding said.
We are the only country to have exclusive access to directly measured sampling data from the Chang'e-5 and Chang'e-6 missions. By using age anchors from lunar samples independently obtained by China to calibrate the geological chronology, this new data source and calibration system represents a core advantage of China."
Like Earth, which is divided into geological periods such as the Cambrian and Jurassic, the Moon also has a geological timescale. One of the most significant tasks behind the new map was to recalibrate that "lunar clock."
According to Jin, the recalibration draws on two major sources - the latest international isotopic dating results, including updated measurements of Apollo samples and lunar meteorites, and the precise age obtained from Chang'e-5 samples.
The latter provided an especially important chronological anchor. Radiometric dating of Chang'e-5 basalt has placed its age at roughly 2 billion years, demonstrating that lunar volcanism persisted far later than had once been assumed and substantially changing scientists' picture of the moon's late-stage thermal evolution.
Based on the updated evidence, the team refined the starting ages of several ancient lunar periods, including the Aitkenian, Nectarian and Imbrian periods, to approximately 4.33 billion, 4.17 billion and 3.92 billion years ago, respectively.
More significantly, the researchers used the 2-billion-year age boundary to divide the Eratosthenian into an early and a late epoch. The team said this marks the first time an age boundary derived from samples independently collected by China has been incorporated into such a detailed Chinese lunar geological chronology.
"The moon's story itself has not changed, but its timeline has," Jin said. "We once thought that major lunar volcanism had essentially cooled down about 3 billion years ago. Now we know that the Moon remained volcanically active until at least about 2 billion years ago. That means the thermal evolution of the lunar interior and many of the causal relationships in its later history need to be re-examined."
Ding highlighted a newly mapped rock type in the South Pole-Aitken Basin - gabbronorite - identified with the help of the latest Chang'e-4 and Chang'e-6 exploration results.
The vast basin on the lunar far side is one of the moon's largest and oldest impact crater.
"This is like being able to directly see material from deeper inside the moon," Ding said. "Previously, much of this could only be inferred from remote-sensing observations. With Chang'e-4 in-situ exploration and Chang'e-6's returned samples, we now have much stronger evidence for identifying its existence and distribution."
Another important revision concerns KREEP, a lunar geochemical component enriched in potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus and commonly associated with elevated concentrations of radioactive heat-producing elements such as thorium and uranium.
According to Ding, earlier models suggested that KREEP-rich material was concentrated in a relatively limited area. Higher-resolution data used in the new mapping project indicate a broader and more continuous distribution than previously thought, suggesting that its abundance may have been underestimated.
Ding said the finding is scientifically important not only for assessing potentially resource-rich lunar materials, but also because the distribution of KREEP provides clues to the crystallization of the early lunar magma ocean, the thickness of the lunar crust and the moon's internal thermal evolution.
The map's colors also carry geological meaning. The team follows a principle of "lighter for younger, darker for older": relatively young Copernican impact materials are depicted in bright pale yellow, ancient Aitkenian impact materials in deep purplish red, while mare basalts are represented in varying shades of blue.
"The color system combines the logic of geological evolution with elements of traditional Chinese color aesthetics, giving China's lunar geological maps a distinctive scientific and visual identity," Ding said.
Beyond basic science, the researchers said the new geological map can serve as a strategic base map for China's future lunar exploration, including subsequent Chang'e missions and planning related to the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS).
A refined geological chronology can help scientists understand the age and modification history of candidate regions; updated rock mapping can identify areas of particular scientific or resource interest; and the global-scale representation allows mission planners to compare broad regions before moving to higher-resolution site studies.
Asked whether the map could directly support the Chang'e-7 and Chang'e-8 missions, Jin stressed that its role is primarily strategic rather than tactical.
"The 1:5,000,000 geological map is a global-scale foundational map. It can be used for broad comparisons of potential landing regions and for evaluating their overall geological context," Jin said. "Precise landing-site selection and detailed rover-route planning, however, require higher-resolution regional geological maps. The two work together, moving progressively from the global scale to finer regional scales."
The scientists also stressed that the map is intended to be shared with the international scientific community. Digital versions are expected to be released through professional publications and public scientific databases, while the standardized symbols and mapping rules could facilitate exchanges with other planetary geological mapping systems.
Ding said significant room remains for international cooperation, from comparing and translating different geological mapping standards to joint studies of the evolution of the lunar far side and the origin of the ancient South Pole-Aitken Basin.
"China possesses unique exploration data and returned lunar samples, which provide a strong foundation for cooperation," Ding said, adding that planetary science, scientific training and deep-space exploration technologies all offer potential areas for expanded exchanges.
"A precise geological map of the moon is an important foundation for humanity to explore deep space and understand the universe," Jin said.
The latest map, he noted, is not an endpoint. As China proceeds with subsequent lunar exploration missions and acquires new observations and samples, the geological picture of the Moon will continue to be refined.
"Future exploration will allow us to keep updating our understanding of lunar geology," Jin said. "At the same time, we hope these results can contribute to broader international scientific cooperation and to humanity's exploration of the moon."
。从田间摸索改良种植法子，到建起智慧大棚科学种养，再到打通更广的市场销路，李生贵、李强、李家奇一家人，一辈接着一辈干，陪着长子青椒产业走过数十年发展之路。

二 | 长子县地处上党盆地西侧，土层深厚肥沃、昼夜温差大、光照充足，十分利于青椒养分积累。刘盼摄　　长子县地处上党盆地西侧，土层深厚肥沃、昼夜温差大、光照充足，十分利于青椒养分积累，种出的青椒个大肉厚、耐储运，天然适配外销市场需求。作为传统农业大县，该县多年来将青椒确立为“一县一业”核心主导产业，接连出台全产业链惠农补贴、设施大棚建设扶持、良种培育、品牌推广等配套政策，持续撬动资源，为本土种植能手深耕田间、做大产业搭建广阔平台。　　最早扎根田间的，是父辈李生贵。

三 | 早年长子青椒零星种植，农户种地多靠经验、看天气。看到青椒蕴藏的增收潜力，李生贵于1979年一头扎进田间试验。他结合本地气候、土壤条件，反复改良大棚结构，研发“生贵移动大棚”，把无土育苗、防虫管护、水肥科学施用等多项技术整合落地。他没有把技术留作自家窍门，主动走到各村田间，手把手教周边农户搭建大棚、规范栽种。　　在李生贵的带动下，短短几年间，长子青椒种植范围逐步覆盖全县300多个村，远销全国各地，成为中国北方最大的青椒生产基地。同时，青椒也成为长子县经济发展和农民增收的主要产业。1998年，长子获评“中国青椒之乡”。　　依托本地冷凉气候优势，李生贵和农技人员一同摸索出“春青椒秋西葫芦”一年两茬种植模式，精准抓住南方蔬菜上市空档，让长子青椒顺利走进广州、深圳等南方市场。当各地纷纷复刻同款种植模式，本地春茬青椒销路遇冷后，李生贵又牵头开展越夏青椒种植试验，通过采取利凉遮阳降温剂技术措施，实现了青椒夏季种植秋季采收，拉长供货周期，错开各地上市高峰，留住外来采购客商，稳住了农户的种植收益。接过父辈锄头与产业心愿的儿子李强，走出了传统种地的旧模式。

四 | 刘盼摄　　接过父辈锄头与产业心愿的儿子李强，走出了传统种地的旧模式。深耕农业超30年，他建起现代化农业产业园区，告别“靠天种地”的老路子。大棚里装上传感器、智能控制阀，搭建物联网管控系统，工作人员在手机上，就能完成通风、灌溉、棚体管护等各项操作。　　李强一边守住长子青椒本土招牌，一边引进彩椒、香椿等新品种，完善种植品类；严格落实绿色种植标准，拿到绿色基地认证，带着长子青椒打入北京新发地，拿下深圳“圳品”认证，让本地蔬菜走向更大的市场。　　据了解，李强所在的产业园建于2016年，拥有8座温室大棚、103座高标准覆被式大棚及2800平方米育苗温室，配套物联网实验室、田头市场、秸秆处理站等设施，是集种植创新、品种示范、质量追溯、农民培训于一体的综合性园区。

五 | 目前，园区带动150余人就业，认证绿色基地436亩，年产绿色蔬菜8400吨，产值超2100万元，先后获评2023年国家现代农业全产业链标准化示范基地、2024年省级龙头企业等称号。　　如今，年轻一代李家奇回到家乡，加入家族的青椒事业。年轻人带来新思路，他扎根园区田间，一边学习祖辈留下来的种植经验，一边活用新的传播方式，通过线上推介、直播展示，把长子青椒的种植过程、产品优势分享给各地消费者，为线下外销渠道补上线上新通路，让更多人认识长子青椒。